In this paper, an online neural inverse controller is used to deal with actuator faults. In such a way that the inverse of the nonlinear Induction Furnace system (IFS) is used as a fault-tolerant controller (FTC) so that it can cover the fault of the actuator. The design is such that an online neural network is used to model the NIFC, the three-layer neural network is ‎converted into a four-layer RBF neural network, and the last ‎layer is the ‎nonlinear IFS, and this layer is It is unchangeable and the ‎controller and the system are connected and finally ‎form a four-layer neural network. So, an intelligent inverse ‎model of the IFS is used as  FTC to cover the actuator fault of ‎the ‎nonlinear IFC. This controller design is done in two ways: in the ‎first part, five inputs are used for training the neural network, ‎one of which is the neural network training error, but in the ‎second part, in addition to the five inputs of the first part, the ‎derivative of the error is used. And the error integral has also ‎been used in neural network training and the advantage of the ‎second plan is to reduce overshoot. Finally, a fault actuator is ‎applied to the ‎nonlinear IFS in the 10th to the 30th second,  ‎despite the presence of the intelligent FTC, this defect is ‎covered in less than one second, and the system continues to ‎function normally despite the operator's defect in this interval ‎of time.‎

In this paper, heat transfer and magnetic fields in a vacuum Induction melting Furnace have been studied numerically. To solve the coupled equations of thermal and magnetic Induction heating, the finite element method has been used. An Induction Furnace model is simulated using an industrial geometry. The studies indicate that the effect of the geometry of the crucible and the coil on the melting time has not been thoroughly investigated and requires more indepth studies. It is attempted to improve the shape of the Induction Furnace, so that in less time aluminum is melted in a small scale Furnace. The effect of the diameter-to-height ratio of the crucible on the duration of melting has been investigated. By decreasing the diameter-toheight ratio, the temperature reaches melting temperature in a shorter time. The results show that for the diameter-to-height ratio of less than 0. 4, there will not be a significant change at the average temperature. 10% reduction in the distance between the coils leads to an increase in the average temperature of the working material inside the Furnace. With considering the constant density of the coil current and the constant induced current in the heated material, the effects of the number of coil turns on the temperature distribution and magnetic flux are investigated. In this way, the accuracy of the model is also checked by Induction heating concepts. The effect of frequency on temperature has been investigated in different coil lengths. The results show that an increase of 4 times in the frequency caused an increase of 1. 7 times in the average temperature.

Background: The high production and consumption of various drugs have resulted in severe environmental problems. This study investigates the removal of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) from contaminated water using Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD). Environmental contamination by antibiotics can adversely affect the environment, especially living organisms. Such contamination contributes to the development of microbial resistance to drugs and hinders the treatment of diseases using established antibiotics. Methods: Batch experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of initial ciprofloxacin concentrations (1-100 mg L-1), solution pH (1-11), and amount of adsorbent (0.5-15 g). Results: The results revealed that optimal conditions for removing ciprofloxacin from contaminated water were achieved at an initial CIP concentration of 10 mg L-1 (50 mL), with a pH of 7 and a yield of 83 ± 5%, using 5 g of EAFD adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order and Temkin models were more consistent in predicting the kinetics and isotherms of the adsorption process, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this research demonstrate that EAFD is an effective adsorbent for removing CIP from contaminated water. Furthermore, this approach concurrently addresses two critical issues: CIP contamination and EAFD pollution.

Industries produce large amounts of electric Induction Furnace steel slag (EIF) and copper slag (CuS) as waste, and their disposal poses serious economic and environmental issues. The use of these slags in pavement could ease environmental concerns and promote the conservation of non-renewable resources. This paper is based on an experimental investigation into the potential for employing EIF and CuS at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% as a partial replacement of fine Natural Granite Aggregate (NGA), whose size ranges from 4.75 mm to 0.075 mm, in producing dense Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixes. The physical, chemical, morphological, and expansive properties of EIF and CuS were investigated. The Marshall method of mix design was adopted to produce HMA mixes. The results showed that for EIF-based HMA mixes, stability, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and rutting resistance increased, whereas for CuS-based HMA mixes, these properties decreased but satisfied their required permissible criteria. The Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) of EIF and CuS-based HMA mixes was found to be increased. The findings of this study indicated a high possibility for using EIF and CuS as aggregates, and a replacement level of 20% of these slags in HMA mixes was suggested as optimal.

With a yearly use of about 2000000 pieces of triangular blades for mowers, binders and combines in Iran, their fabrication seemed economically feasible. The major problem, however, is the blade hardening. Only the edges of blades should be hardened leaving the rest softened in order to withstand shocks. Among all methods of hardening; the traditional and modern; the method of case hardening using a frequency stove, served the purpose the best. The various components for the hardening method consisting the rectifier, head and frequency changer as well as hardening depth and hardening time were calculated. The peripherals, that is; the flow rate for the stove head cooler was determined. An economical coast analysis was given for a piece of hardened blade.

In previous studies on the use of steel slag in asphalt mixtures, no comparison has been made between different types of slags produced in steel factories in Iran. In this research, in order to evaluate the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures containing different amounts of steel slag and to compare their effects on mixture behaviors, two types of slags – BOF and EAF – were replaced with 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of coarse part of aggregates. After characterization of limestone aggregates and steel slags using X-ray fluorescence equipment (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), Marshall mix design method was used to determine the optimum bitumen content. Moreover, the mechanical properties of mixtures using resilient modulus testing at different temperatures and indirect tensile strength testing in both dry and saturated conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the use of steel slag in asphalt mixtures could result in a significant improvement of asphalt mixture properties. Furthermore, moisture sensitivity of mixtures containing steel slags was less than the control mixture.

Steel industry presents one of the highest energy demand of all the industrial sector. Foundries have a really relevant role both in economical terms and as regards the energy demand. The cost of energy represents several percentage points of the overall costs of a foundry.The electricity demand is very high, particularly for the Induction melting Furnaces. A large amount of thermal energy is obtained both from natural gas combustion and from the coal needed for the process of formation of cast iron in cupolas. Moreover, the plant services must be considered: one very energy consumer is compressed air production. Every factory is different from another so that the proposal of actions of energy savings or thermal recovers requires a detailed study of each plant considering the lay out and analysing the single processes with related energy needs and thermal levels. The co-operation of the University of Padua with the Centro Produttivita` Veneto allowed to plan a series of energy audits in some foundries located in Vicenza province. The experiences of the first facilities surveys and audits recommendations demonstrated both potential advantage of energy savings and the related difficulties, often due to the high investment costs.Anyhow the joint work of auditing between the university experts and the foundry technicians produced a better awareness on the critical points of the plant and a higher rationality level in the evaluation of investments for the renewable of the machinery. Here, the method of performing the energy audits is described together with the very first results in terms of proposals for energy savings evaluated technically and economically.

This paper analyzes how feasible it is to use electric arc Furnace slag as coarse aggregate, and blast Furnace dust as fine aggregate in the manufacture of hot asphalt concrete for roads. Three mixtures were designed using the Ramcodes methodology, the M1 mixture of control with conventional materials, the M2 mixture replacing 50% and the M3 mixture replacing 100% of the conventional aggregates, which were submitted to tests to evaluate the susceptibility to moisture damage and plastic deformation, as well as others to determine the resilient modulus and the fatigue laws for each type of mixture. The mixtures with EAF and BFD presented better mechanical characteristics than the mixture with natural aggregates, met the acceptance requirements and the results of the performance tests are within the required requirements.